Intrusion DetectionSystem (IDS)

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is software and/or hardwarebased system that monitors network traffic and monitors for suspicious activity and alerts the system or network administrator. In some cases the IDS may also respond to anomalous or malicious traffic by taking action such as blocking the user or source IP address from accessing the network. Typical locations for an intrusion detection system is as shown in the following figure - Following are the types of intrusion detection systems :- 1) Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) :-Host-based intrusion detection systems or HIDS are installed as agents on a host. These intrusion detection systems can look into system and application log files to detect any intruder activity. 2) Network-Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) :-These IDSs detect attacks by capturing and analyzing network packets. Listening on a network segment or switch, one network-based IDS can monitor the network traffic affecting multiple hosts that are connected to the network segment, thereby protecting those hosts. Network- based IDSs often consist of a set of single- purpose sensors or hosts placed at various points in a network. These units monitor network traffic, performing local analysis ofthat traffic and reporting attacks to a central management console. Some important topics comes under intrusion detection are as follows :- 1) Signatures -Signature is the pattern that you look for inside a data packet. A signature is used todetect one or multiple types of attacks. For example, the presenceof “scripts/ iisadmin” in a packet going to your web server may indicate an intruder activity. Signatures may be present in different parts of a data packet depending upon the nature of theattack. 2) Alerts -Alerts are any sort of user notification of an intruder activity. When an IDS detects an intruder, it has to inform security administrator about this using alerts. Alerts may be in the form ofpop-up windows, logging to a console, sending e-mail and so on.Alerts are also stored in log files or databases where they can be viewed later on by security experts. 3) Logs -The log messages are usually saved in file.Log messages can be saved either in text or binary format. 4) False Alarms -False alarms are alerts generated due to an indication that is not an intruder activity. For example, misconfigured internal hosts may sometimes broadcast messages that trigger a rule resulting in generation of a false alert. Some routers, like Linksys home routers,generate lots of UPnP related alerts. To avoid false alarms, you have to modify and tune different default rules. In some cases you may need to disable some of the rules to avoid false alarms. 5) Sensor -The machine on whichan intrusion detection system is running is also called the sensor in the literature because it is used to “sense” the network. Snort :s nort is a very flexible network intrusion detection system that has a large set of pre-configured rules. Snort also allows you to write your own rule set. There are several mailing lists on the internet where people share new snort rules that can counter the latest attacks. Snort is a modern security application that can perform the following three functions : * It can serve as a packet sniffer. * It can work as a packet logger. * It can work as a Network-Based Intrusion